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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<helpdocument version="1.0">
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<meta>
<topic id="textscalc0104060105xml" indexer="include">
<title id="tit">Logical Functions</title>
<filename>/text/scalc/01/04060105.xhp</filename>
</topic>
</meta>
<body>
<bookmark branch="index" id="bm_id3153484"><bookmark_value>logical functions</bookmark_value>
<bookmark_value>Function Wizard; logical</bookmark_value>
<bookmark_value>functions; logical functions</bookmark_value>
</bookmark>
<h1 id="hd_id3153484">Logical Functions</h1>
<paragraph id="par_id3149312" role="paragraph"><variable id="logicaltext">This category contains the <emph>Logical</emph> functions.
</variable></paragraph>
<h3 id="hd_id631520887352751">Handling non-logical arguments in logical functions</h3>
<list type="unordered">
<listitem>
<paragraph id="par_id431520887384579" role="listitem">Zero (0) is equivalent to FALSE and all other numbers are equivalent to TRUE.</paragraph>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<paragraph id="par_id881520887475288" role="listitem">Empty cells and text in cells are ignored.</paragraph>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<paragraph id="par_id461520887504085" role="listitem">A #VALUE error is raised if all arguments are ignored.</paragraph>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<paragraph id="par_id591520888006686" role="listitem">A #VALUE error is raised if one argument is direct text (not text in a cell).</paragraph>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<paragraph id="par_id321520889630477" role="listitem">Errors as argument lead to an error.</paragraph>
</listitem>
</list>
<section id="howtoget">
<embed href="text/scalc/00/00000404.xhp#logical"/>
</section>
<sort order="asc" descendant="h2">
<section id="Section10">
<embed href="text/scalc/01/04060104.xhp#isna"/>
</section>
<section id="Section9">
<embed href="text/scalc/01/04060104.xhp#iferror"/>
</section>
<section id="Section8">
<embed href="text/scalc/01/func_ifs.xhp#ifsfunction01"/>
</section>
<section id="Section7">
<embed href="text/scalc/01/func_switch.xhp#switch01"/>
</section>
<section id="Section6">
<bookmark branch="index" id="bm_id3147505"><bookmark_value>AND function</bookmark_value>
</bookmark>
<bookmark branch="hid/SC_HID_FUNC_UND" id="bm_id3145320" localize="false"/>
<h2 id="hd_id3147505">AND</h2>
<paragraph id="par_id3153959" role="paragraph"><ahelp hid="HID_FUNC_UND">Returns TRUE if all arguments are TRUE.</ahelp> If one of the elements is FALSE, this function returns the FALSE value.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_id3146100" role="paragraph">The arguments are either logical expressions themselves (TRUE, 1<5, 2+3=7, B8<10) that return logical values, or arrays (A1:C3) containing logical values.</paragraph>
<embed href="text/scalc/01/common_func.xhp#sectionsyntax"/>
<paragraph id="par_id3159123" role="code">AND(<embedvar href="text/scalc/01/ful_func.xhp#logical255_1" markup="keep"/>)</paragraph>
<embed href="text/scalc/01/ful_func.xhp#logical255"/>
<embed href="text/scalc/01/common_func.xhp#datenumbersequencenote"/>
<embed href="text/scalc/01/common_func.xhp#sectionexample"/>
<paragraph id="par_id3153123" role="paragraph">The logical values of entries 12<13; 14>12, and 7<6 are to be checked:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_id3145632" role="paragraph">
<item type="input">=AND(12<13;14>12;7<6)</item> returns FALSE.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_id3149946" role="paragraph">
<item type="input">=AND(FALSE();TRUE())</item> returns FALSE.</paragraph>
<note id="par_id441723304789320">The <link href="text/scalc/01/04060107.xhp">array formula</link> {=AND(B1:B10;C1:C10)} yields a one-dimensional value of TRUE when all components of B1:B10 and C1:C10 are TRUE. The array expression above does not produce the logical AND per element, and thus does not produce an array of logical values. To compute a logical AND of arrays per element use the * operator in array context. In the example, enter {=B1:B10*C1:C10}.</note>
</section>
<section id="Section5">
<bookmark branch="index" id="bm_id3149015"><bookmark_value>FALSE function</bookmark_value>
</bookmark>
<bookmark branch="hid/SC_HID_FUNC_FALSCH" id="bm_id3154678" localize="false"/>
<h2 id="hd_id3149015">FALSE</h2>
<paragraph id="par_id3149890" role="paragraph"><ahelp hid="HID_FUNC_FALSCH">Returns the logical value FALSE.</ahelp> The FALSE() function does not require any arguments, and always returns the logical value FALSE.</paragraph>
<embed href="text/scalc/01/common_func.xhp#sectionsyntax"/>
<paragraph id="par_id3150030" role="code">FALSE()</paragraph>
<embed href="text/scalc/01/common_func.xhp#sectionexample"/>
<paragraph id="par_id3154842" role="paragraph">
<item type="input">=FALSE()</item> returns FALSE</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_id3147468" role="paragraph">
<item type="input">=NOT(FALSE())</item> returns TRUE</paragraph>
</section>
<section id="Section4">
<bookmark branch="index" id="bm_id3150141"><bookmark_value>IF function</bookmark_value>
</bookmark>
<bookmark branch="hid/SC_HID_FUNC_WENN" id="bm_id3152789" localize="false"/>
<h2 id="hd_id3150141">IF</h2>
<paragraph id="par_id3148740" role="paragraph"><ahelp hid="HID_FUNC_WENN">Specifies a logical test to be performed.</ahelp></paragraph>
<embed href="text/scalc/01/common_func.xhp#sectionsyntax"/>
<paragraph id="par_id3154558" role="code">IF(Test [; [ThenValue] [; [OtherwiseValue]]])</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_id3149727" role="paragraph">
<emph>Test</emph> is any value or expression that can be TRUE or FALSE.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_id3155828" role="paragraph">
<emph>ThenValue</emph> (optional) is the value that is returned if the logical test is TRUE.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_id3154811" role="paragraph">
<emph>OtherwiseValue</emph> (optional) is the value that is returned if the logical test is FALSE.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_idN107FA" role="paragraph" localize="false">
<embedvar href="text/scalc/00/00000004.xhp#optional"/>
</paragraph>
<embed href="text/scalc/01/common_func.xhp#sectionexample"/>
<paragraph id="par_id3150867" role="paragraph">
<input>=IF(A1>5;100;"too small")</input> If the value in <literal>A1</literal> is greater than <literal>5</literal>, the value <literal>100</literal> is returned; otherwise, the text <literal>too small</literal> is returned.</paragraph>
<paragraph role="paragraph" id="par_id71607569817532">
<input>=IF(A1>5;;"too small")</input> If the value in <literal>A1</literal> is greater than <literal>5</literal>, the value <literal>0</literal> is returned because empty parameters are considered to be <literal>0</literal>; otherwise, the text <literal>too small</literal> is returned.</paragraph>
<paragraph role="paragraph" id="par_id11607570458867"><input>=IF(A1>5;100;)</input> If the value in <literal>A1</literal> is less than <literal>5</literal>, the value <literal>0</literal> is returned because the empty <emph>OtherwiseValue</emph> is interpreted as <literal>0</literal>; otherwise <literal>100</literal> is returned.</paragraph>
</section>
<section id="Section3">
<bookmark branch="index" id="bm_id3155954"><bookmark_value>NOT function</bookmark_value>
</bookmark>
<bookmark branch="hid/SC_HID_FUNC_NICHT" id="bm_id3145168" localize="false"/>
<h2 id="hd_id3155954">NOT</h2>
<paragraph id="par_id3153570" role="paragraph"><ahelp hid="HID_FUNC_NICHT">Complements (inverts) a logical value.</ahelp></paragraph>
<embed href="text/scalc/01/common_func.xhp#sectionsyntax"/>
<paragraph id="par_id3157996" role="code">NOT(LogicalValue)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_id3148766" role="paragraph">
<emph>LogicalValue</emph> is any value to be complemented.</paragraph>
<embed href="text/scalc/01/common_func.xhp#sectionexample"/>
<paragraph id="par_id3150132" role="paragraph">
<item type="input">=NOT(A)</item>. If A=TRUE then NOT(A) will evaluate FALSE.</paragraph>
</section>
<section id="Section2">
<bookmark branch="index" id="bm_id3148394"><bookmark_value>OR function</bookmark_value>
</bookmark>
<bookmark branch="hid/SC_HID_FUNC_ODER" id="bm_id3155620" localize="false"/>
<h2 id="hd_id3148394">OR</h2>
<paragraph id="par_id3156060" role="paragraph"><ahelp hid="HID_FUNC_ODER">Returns TRUE if at least one argument is TRUE.</ahelp> This function returns the value FALSE, if all the arguments have the logical value FALSE.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_id3148771" role="paragraph">The arguments are either logical expressions themselves (TRUE, 1<5, 2+3=7, B8<10) that return logical values, or arrays (A1:C3) containing logical values.</paragraph>
<embed href="text/scalc/01/common_func.xhp#sectionsyntax"/>
<paragraph id="par_id3150468" role="code">OR(<embedvar href="text/scalc/01/ful_func.xhp#logical255_1" markup="keep"/>)</paragraph>
<embed href="text/scalc/01/ful_func.xhp#logical255"/>
<embed href="text/scalc/01/common_func.xhp#datenumbersequencenote"/>
<embed href="text/scalc/01/common_func.xhp#sectionexample"/>
<paragraph id="par_id3154870" role="paragraph">The logical values of entries 12<11; 13>22, and 45=45 are to be checked.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_id3155371" role="paragraph">
<item type="input">=OR(12<11;13>22;45=45)</item> returns TRUE.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_id3158412" role="paragraph">
<item type="input">=OR(FALSE();TRUE())</item> returns TRUE.</paragraph>
<note id="par_id751723304896532">The <link href="text/scalc/01/04060107.xhp">array formula</link> {=OR(B1:B10;C1:C10)} yields a one-dimensional value of FALSE when all components of B1:B10 and C1:C10 are FALSE. The array expression above does not produce the logical OR per element, and thus does not produce an array of logical values. To compute a logical OR of arrays per element use the + operator in array context. In the example, enter {=B1:B10+C1:C10}.</note>
</section>
<section id="Section1">
<bookmark branch="index" id="bm_id3156256"><bookmark_value>TRUE function</bookmark_value>
</bookmark>
<bookmark branch="hid/SC_HID_FUNC_WAHR" id="bm_id3148426" localize="false"/>
<h2 id="hd_id3156256">TRUE</h2>
<paragraph id="par_id3155985" role="paragraph"><ahelp hid="HID_FUNC_WAHR">The logical value is set to TRUE.</ahelp> The TRUE() function does not require any arguments, and always returns the logical value TRUE.</paragraph>
<embed href="text/scalc/01/common_func.xhp#sectionsyntax"/>
<paragraph id="par_id3152590" role="code">TRUE()</paragraph>
<embed href="text/scalc/01/common_func.xhp#sectionexample"/>
<paragraph id="par_id3146148" role="paragraph">If A=TRUE and B=FALSE the following examples appear:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_id3083285" role="paragraph">
<item type="input">=AND(A;B)</item> returns FALSE</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_id3083444" role="paragraph">
<item type="input">=OR(A;B)</item> returns TRUE</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_id3154314" role="paragraph">
<item type="input">=NOT(AND(A;B))</item> returns TRUE</paragraph>
</section>
<section id="Section0">
<bookmark branch="index" id="bm_id3156257"><bookmark_value>XOR function</bookmark_value>
</bookmark>
<bookmark branch="hid/SC_HID_FUNC_XOR" id="bm_id3148427" localize="false"/>
<h2 id="hd_id3156257">XOR</h2>
<paragraph id="par_id3155987" role="paragraph"><ahelp hid="HID_FUNC_XOR">Returns true if an odd number of arguments evaluates to TRUE.</ahelp></paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_id3148772" role="paragraph">The arguments are either logical expressions themselves (TRUE, 1<5, 2+3=7, B8<10) that return logical values, or arrays (A1:C3) containing logical values.</paragraph>
<embed href="text/scalc/00/avail_release.xhp#4.0"/>
<embed href="text/scalc/01/common_func.xhp#sectionsyntax"/>
<paragraph id="par_id3150469" role="code">XOR(<embedvar href="text/scalc/01/ful_func.xhp#logical255_1" markup="keep"/>)</paragraph>
<embed href="text/scalc/01/ful_func.xhp#logical255"/>
<embed href="text/scalc/01/common_func.xhp#sectionexample"/>
<paragraph id="par_id3083286" role="paragraph">
<item type="input">=XOR(TRUE();TRUE())</item> returns FALSE</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_id3083445" role="paragraph">
<item type="input">=XOR(TRUE();TRUE();TRUE())</item> returns TRUE</paragraph>
<paragraph id="par_id3154315" role="paragraph">
<item type="input">=XOR(FALSE();TRUE())</item> returns TRUE</paragraph>
</section>
</sort>
<section id="relatedtopics">
<embed href="text/scalc/01/04060100.xhp#drking"/>
</section>
</body>
</helpdocument>
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